The main treatments for cancer are surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy.
Surgery is a common treatment for cancer. It involves removing the tumor or part of the tumor with surgery. It can also involve lymph node removal or other tissue nearby to check if the cancer has spread.
Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing. It can be used before surgery to shrink tumors, after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells, or in combination with radiation therapy to make it more effective.
Radiation therapy uses high energy beams of radiation to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing. It can be used before surgery to shrink tumors, after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells or in combination with chemotherapy for better results.
Immunotherapy helps your own immune system fight the cancer by boosting your body’s natural defense against it. This type of treatment is used when other treatments have failed or when the tumor cannot be removed completely by surgery.
Targeted therapy is a type of drug treatment that works by targeting specific molecules on the surface of cancer cells that help them grow and survive. This type of drug can block these molecules so that the cancer can’t grow and spread as quickly as it would without these drugs blocking its growth signals.
Immunotherapy: This is a type of treatment that uses the body’s own immune system to fight cancer cells. It includes treatments such as monoclonal antibody therapy and checkpoint inhibitors, which work by blocking certain proteins on the surface of cancer cells that help them survive and spread.
Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy involves drugs or other substances that specifically target certain types of cancer cells without harming normal cells. Examples include drugs that target certain proteins or genes in the cancer cell, or drugs that target specific pathways involved in tumor growth and spread.
Radiotherapy: Radiotherapy uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors by damaging their DNA so they can’t reproduce anymore. It is commonly used to treat solid tumors and it can be used alone or in combination with other treatments, such as chemotherapy or surgery.
Photodynamic Therapy: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a type of treatment that uses light-sensitive drugs called photosensitizers and a special type of laser light to kill cancer cells with minimal damage to surrounding tissue. It works by activating the photosensitizers which then release energy that damages the tumor’s DNA and causes it to die off quickly.
Hormone Therapy: Hormone therapy involves blocking hormones from reaching the tumor cells or targeting hormones so they cannot be used for tumor growth and spread, depending on the type of cancer being treated. It is commonly used for breast, prostate, ovarian, and endometrial cancers but can also be used for other types of cancers as well.
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